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A genetically modified organism (GMO) or genetically engineered organism (GEO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are generally known as recombinant DNA technology. With recombinant DNA technology, DNA molecules from different sources are combined in vitro into one molecule to create a new gene. This DNA is then transferred into an organism and causes the expression of modified or novel traits.

Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods produced from GMO that have had their DNA altered through genetic engineering. GM foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s. The most common modified foods are derived from plants: soybean, corn, canola cotton seed oil and wheat.


2008-09-30

What are GE and GMO Crops?  

Genetically engineered organisms and genetically modified organisms, with Monsanto Corporation in the forefront of development. GE crops, including cotton seeds, have genetically modified properties with built-in resistance to herbicides and insects (Bt cotton), and will also serve as Frankencotton.

Another mutant called terminator seeds, are sterile and force farmers to buy seed from major suppliers such as Monsanto, instead of naturally save seeds from year to year. Fortunately, terminator seeds are not expected to be marketed in the near future, according to Cornell University.

Cottonseed oil from GE /GMO cotton crops is already in our food supply as a common ingredient in many processed foods, including peanut butter , Edible oils, salad dressings, cookies, snack chips and pastries crusts.

GE and GMO agriculture is legally in the United States, and currently 73% of cotton in the U.S. genetically modified. With enormous global profit potential at stake, Monsanto has been viciously aggressive in the acquisition of worldwide procurement and lobbying governments hesitate. Worse still, poor farmers in these regions used routinemaig with unfair pricing, and farmers in India have been devastated by losses from Monsanto's GE crop failures.

While studies are not yet available to the danger of GE /GMO , Governments, scientists and environmentalists worldwide are concerned about the possible contamination of soil and water, food, and airborne spread of this toxic organisms.

The very real environmental contamination by GE /GMO makes it impossible for any organic business to say with absolute certainty that organic cottons and Woolen are 100% toxin-free longer, because we and our children, and animals are increasingly exposed all day.

However, organic producers and organic retailers will continue to offer their customers certified organic products Resulting from natural seed and agricultural holdings, and violently against the spread of GE/GMOs.

The Organic Consumers Association is spearheading campaigns of zero tolerance, to stop companies such as Monsanto continues to flagrantly place the welfare of the people in the last place for Corporate profits. We urge you to visit the Organic Consumers Association, to learn more, fax petitions and make your voice heard.

 

Susan Fullen Yurek of Kushtush.com Organics (http://www.kushtush.com) is an e-commerce entrepreneur and advocate of organic initiatives for the health of our families and preservation of our planet.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Susan_Yurek

2008-09-23

Agricultural Biotechnology International Conference Kicks Off in Australia  

A major international conference on agricultural biotechnology starts in Melbourne, Australia, today (August 6th, 2006). Agricultural Biotech International Conference (ABIC) brings together representatives of biotech companies, agricultural researchers and policy makers from around the world.

The theme of this conference is unlocking the potential of Agricultural Biotechnology. Some of the topics to be addressed include:

* The importance of biotechnology in meeting global food requirements.

* application of agricultural biotechnology in biomedicine.

* commercialization of innovative biotechnology.

* Practical applications of genomics to cereal crops.

* With Biotechnology to protect and improve the living supply.

* biotechnology in developing countries.

Unlocking the potential of agricultural biotechnology is a subject that has been with us since the first commercialization of genetically modified crops a decade ago. Developed countries, especially in the United States and Canada, to appreciate that agricultural biotechnology is a driving force of the economy. They have invested heavily in IT, effectively eclipsing the so-called conventional agriculture. The profits were innumerable.

Farmers these countries have nearly doubled their income from the cultivation of genetically modified plants, which are usually high yielding and pest resistant.

In developing countries, the picture is different. Agricultural biotechnology is still an issue. Many developing countries would not because of their distrust for the developed countries. Others have been fed with lies that agricultural biotechnology, in particular genetically modified organisms (GMOs), represent danger for the environment and the health of consumers.

Positive attributes of agricultural biotechnology has played in the Melbourne meeting for all listen.

It & # 39; S encouraging that delegates from developing countries such as Professor Jennifer Thomson (South Africa), Dr. Jagadish Mittur (India), and Dr. Rangsun Parnpai (Thailand) to participate in this conference. You have a chance to learn first hand how agricultural biotechnology has revolutionized the economies of countries like the USA, Canada, New Zealand and Australia. These delegates must examine how their countries can also benefit from agricultural biotechnology.

Since it is a meeting of experts in agricultural biotechnology, it is expected that a productive debate about the potential of agricultural biotechnology. The delegates should continue their consultations with developing countries in mind. It is here where agricultural biotechnology is located in need.

Developing countries, delegates are invited to this conference as a window of opportunity to learn, as many experts as possible on the potential of agricultural biotechnology.

Once the curtains fall from this conference, delegates from developing countries must ensure that the lessons with policy makers, scientists and farmers in their respective countries.

 

James uses his communication expertise to create awareness about GM food. To read more about him, go to http://www.gmoafrica.org

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=James_Wachai

2008-09-22

Grow A Rainbow Of Heirloom Tomatoes  

When I think the heirloom vegetables, romantic notions of windswept hills and fields of sunflowers come to mind. I picture a sturdy wooden table consultation with rustic linen and slim glasses of wine, each a catch a ray of sunlight and in the summer palate of orange, red and yellow, from which a bowl of freshly prepared Caprese salad. There is nothing quite like the combination of heirloom tomatoes, fresh basil and buffalo mozzarella. Mix in a little olive oil, salt and pepper, and you have the quintessence of summer fair of the gods. Sure, you can use it regularly with tomatoes, but the difference in taste is like the difference between cheesecake and paperboard. Heirloom tomatoes offer exotic flavor, color and the biological diversity of life to your garden table.

By definition, an heirloom is something that is passed from generation to generation, where, in the hope that the memory of past times. In the case of heirloom tomatoes, varieties of about 100 years ago are still in circulation today thanks to the thoughtful growers of yesterday, the carefully saved seeds and passed it to their children. Seed Catalog banks and companies that specialize in providing Heirloom gardeners curious to have opened the door to a world of diversity does not normally available to the public.

Heirloom seeds have survived the test of time, exposure and environmental change, and are therefore more diseases and pests resistant than many of their younger colleagues. Also, with supermarkets continue to reduce the amount of biological diversity in their products islands, and with the introduction of genetically modified fruits and vegetables, the idea of heirloom produce is also attractive for those who want to know - and trust - their food sources,

Some of my favorite heirloom tomatoes are chosen more for color and taste than not, even though her taste is "mind blowing, simply because there is a rainbow of colors to choose from. Every year I plant at least one of each color to ensure a feast for the eyes all summer long. Let's see that rainbow, shall we?

Reds/Pinks: Other than the increasingly popular "Brandywine tomato, there are so many red and pinks out there: Costaluto Genovese - a medium to large, ribbed fruit; Burbank Red Slicing - so close to a standard such as tomato concentrate Heirloom get with a lot of flavor; Old German - huge red tomatoes with a Blush of green; German queen - a large beefsteak variety with some color variation; Arkansas Traveler - a beefsteak tomato, the Henry VIII in all of us. Mortgage Lifter - famous for its Size, which was so said that so large that it could contribute to a farm from foreclosure and Amish Paste -- a plum tomatoes as the traditional Roma. Some catalogs contradict each other, when listing some Heirloom, whose lineage is somewhat ambiguous: Ispolin - a softball Size flat molded tomatoes with oranges and pinks, and my all-time favorite, Stupice - a Czechoslovak tomato salad, which, without fail, the first on the block to bright red, flavorful tomatoes per year. This plant breaks from tradition with its potato-leaf foliage adds that even a change in your garden.

Oranges : Jaunne flame is an orange tomatoes produced that great tomato salad fruit. The bright color and flavor saen consistently, it is a perfect choice for those trying to venture out into new territory tomato. Tigerella and Tigerle are both striped tomatoes , The joy of the eyes and perk up any dish with their unusual color, orange Oxheart is indeed a heart-shaped tomato that breaks the mold of traditional flat-bottomed tomatoes. In some catalogs but not others, the Persimmon tomato is an heirloom . It is shaped and colored like a persimmon, but do not be fooled, as the sae tomato flavor is nothing like his look-alike.

Yellow: I have tried many yellow tomatoes and have found some to compare with the delicate taste of the sunny Yellow Pear. Sae These small tears of summer goodness barely make it in from the garden, and serve mostly as tasty snacks throughout the garden work. Even with the Yellow Pear, I have found a special Yellow Pear from seeds of change s larger than the others. For some other interesting attempt Yellow Yellow perfection - a graere salad of tomatoes, pineapples - a very interesting variety, with red stripes across the middle, and Peach Garden - the name accordingly, because it actually has Fuzz! Do not be discouraged that you try this unusual gem. The taste is outstanding.

Green: Admittedly, the only green tomatoes I have tried to grow is the famous Green Zebra. With his dark green stripes on a soft green exterior leans That in the direction of yellow when left on the vine a little longer, the Green Zebra is a terrific addition to any court for diversity and a change of pace. If you have not tried them, be sure to put it on your Shopping list for summer.

Purple and Black: This year I am growing Cherokee Purple - a large tomato with a purple and green interior shoulders. Purple Calabash, similar to its relative Red Calabash, has an interior that is dark and melted mysteriously. adventure novels such as tomatoes examiners will be full of flavor and strong in the Size. Black Plum is another plum tomatoes similar to a traditional Roma, but with greenish-black shoulders, like its counterpart graeren Black, the has the same mark in a regular medium-sized tomatoes. Black Krim is another popular choice for those with a flare for the dramatic.

White: If you are looking for something new and different, try Nebraska Wedding - a white medium - to large tomatoes. Unfortunately, this one not so good in my garden coasts. Great White, however, was a great success - a huge investment, huge tomatoes, and huge flavor. One slice would almost completely cover a piece of bread, and the color was with very little yellow seeds. This was one of the most interesting tomato I have grown in years.

The key to heirloom tomatoes is experimentation. Whether you buy them at a grocery store, or growing them themselves, the selection of different varieties each time is the best Way to find what works for your garden or your palette. Every year I have my trusty and easy grades, but I always choose at least 3 or 4 new Heirloom trying. Fortunately, we are beginning to see the phenomenon of Heirloom intervene in gourmet and farmers' markets, so that they are increasingly accessible to mainstream shoppers. Just as Julia Child was influential in the appearance of gourmet vegetables in supermarkets, we can by influential demanding diversity and inclusion of Heirloom on our local Markets. If you do not Heirloom where you live, and you are not able to grow it yourself, ask your store manager to stock them every time you go shopping. With a little effort and curiosity, and soon everyone will in a position to enjoy the wonders of biological diversity and fabulous flavor.

 

Christy Wilhelmi is owner of http://www.Gardenerd.com, the ultimate resource for garden nerds. She is a board member of Ocean View Farms Organic Community Garden in Mar Vista, California, and gardens almost exclusively with heirloom vegetables.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Christy_Wilhelmi

2008-09-21

Cotton - Genetically Modified Seeds  

Although there were serious concerns with the introduction of genetically modified foods, it is not so well appreciated that the clothes we wear are made of cotton imported from genetically modified (GM) seeds. In fact, a significant amount of seeds cultivated are from this source. There are two main reasons why GM crops are grown, they are tolerant to herbicides and resistant to insects.

Weed control is supposedly easier because the plants are able to tolerate non-selective chemicals which kill all other natural vegetation. Unfortunately, this has led to a decline of economic plants such as insects that feed on them are also killed. The plants are resistant to insect pests, as they have introduced bacteria into the plant through genetic modification which kills insects that feed on them. It was predicted that G.M. Cotton crops would require less herbicides but this does not appear to happen. It was suggested that the impact on the environment require further studies. In fact, there are concerns about long-term pest resistance and the commercial monopoly by a few agri-business giants over GM seeds.

Decisions on growing GM cotton are at a high level of government officials representatives of agri-business agencies and experts "And few are concerned about the farmer's opinions. Transfer of genes to related wild species seems inevitable. Increases in the use of G.M. Cotton is a threat for organic cotton producers as the basic standards for organic agriculture prohibits the use of genetically modified varieties. It was noted by PANUK that there is a growing call for organic cotton, and supplies are now below the requirement. There are two reasons why this is the case-

organic cotton global production is still a small part of the industry, which means that it is unable to sudden fluctuations in demand.

Cotton farmers must go through a 3 years before the changeover they are able to be recognized organic.

Cotton growing highlights the unequal trade relations, which have been set up, where farmers in the EU and U.S. subsidies are paid to them a prize, the two-three times higher than the world market. As a result of North American and European cotton breeders produce that is sold on the world to a loss bringing the prices for everyone.

There are dominant forces in GM technology; seeds are patented, so that the farmers are required to agree not to save seeds and for the payment of royalties. Specific herbicides are associated with the guarantee of continued revenue seeds. Huge sums were spent by the biotech companies in research and they want to see an early return on their investment. Data, which is released by the company itself and was adopted by the authorities.

G.M. Technology is now forced to countries as quickly as possible even if local farmers are in opposition. Given the concerns expressed about the speed with which GM crops are adopted, I would suggest that more unbiased testing needs to be done before we forge with before something could change our environment irrevocably. It is surely far more feasible at this time to raise money in the organic crops, which are what the public appear to want.

If you have found this article inspiring Sonesuk visit, where we sell the best organic cotton baby Clothes and print regular news items.

 

If you want to hear more about organic cotton visit http://www.sonesuk.com

Pan-uk

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Shula_Achnairn

Sorry for Soy  

Soy hiding anywhere. It is in cereals and supplements. It is available in canned tuna, soups, bread and meat. It will be aliases such as textured vegetable protein and lecithin. During the processing of soybeans, produced toxins such as glutamate (MSG) and aspartate (aspartame), and you know that cause brain-cell death.

You thought that soy was good for you. That is what the soy industry wants you to believe. But the reality is soy is bad. Soy hormone causes of problems and digestive problems. Soy disrupts thyroid function and fertility. Soy has even been linked to cancer. It is a allergen.

In the United States, the soybean harvest is America drittgrate (harvest 73.8 million hectares in 2002). After it is harvested, it is highly processed, like almost everything else, and was causing health problems for decades. If you consume soy on a regular basis, you can sign up on the other side of the soy.

Here are some facts:

Soy is not a complete protein

Soy is not a natural food

Soy has many contaminants
counts

Soy to the processed food commercial

Almost all soybeans are genetically modified

By the time you eat it, soy is inedible, and you can not digest it nor use it as something for the Nutrition.

I'm sure you do not eat more margarine, but if you do this, here is the story of the soy story. It began in the 1930s, when DuPont has soybean oil, non-commercial processed byproduct of soy production, the oil is heated to over 410 degrees, and forced her into the hydrogen gas for five hours. After a couple of other chemical changes wa-la you have margarine. It is a few molecules away from plastic. It lasts forever, but it can certainly will spread nicely.

It worse. Have you heard of canola oil? You can find it in any grocery store. You can not buy soy oil, you need to buy canola oil. There is no rape bean, bush or tree. Canola oil is a compound word, the word is derived from two words-Canada and oil. Canola oil comes from the rapeseed plant, a GM soy product. They thought that margarine was bad. The human body has never encountered this food product such as the human. It is totally foreign and it is a matter of time (years, decades) to uncover all the problems Canola oil is done. The marketers have ensured Canola oil is lost in most of the products you buy.

Back on soy. The miracle food wannabe. It comes in many forms. You have seen, but never understood what it meant. Here is a list:


"herbal aromas"


"natural flavorings"


"vegetable shortening"


"hydrolyzed proteins"


"textured vegetable protein"

Soy products are labeled for your protection by the FDA and trustworthy they are packed by the company you have eaten for years. These companies recognize that the use of genetically modified soybeans?


- Crisco


- Kraft salad dressings


- Nestle's chocolate


- Parkay margarine


- Isomil and Prosobee infant formula


- Wesson oils


- McDonald's french fries


- Doritos


- Tostitos


- Ruffles


- Pillsbury food


- Similac infant formula

You mean they never said the beans were genetically modified? This list is not complete.

Yes, soy is everywhere. It is far more widespread than we would even imagine that any problems that you never would have imagined.

Go on the market and the food you see and eat them. Do not eat things that are not food. These things are stressing your body. You do not need any more stress in your life.

 

Dr Peter Lind is a practicing chiropractor utilizing newly developed procedures and protocols to remove the affects of stress on the body. He continues helping hundreds of people on his website http://www.stress-less-living.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Dr_Peter_Lind

2008-09-19

Breast Cancer Prevention Tips  

Despite all "noise" about breast cancer is one of the worst killer of women in the world today, it is annoying that most women still do not take active steps to protect itself from this terrible condition. Although the increasing prevalence of breast cancer and perhaps other cancer tissue conditions was linked to environmental factors such as the increase in radiation and chemicals in the air, water, soil and food that we consume in the civilized world, or the genetic and hereditary factors, the role of other factors, which themselves can not ignored.

There are a lot of things that every woman can do individually or collectively to prevent breast cancer. Poor lifestyle choices, such as ebermaiger smoking and alcohol consumption, lack of exercise or swallowed or hormone drugs, all play a crucial role in the cause of breast cancer and any attempt to prevent this disease should begin with simple here.

A positive and optimistic Attitude has been shown that the risk of cancer. That may sound surprising that many people, but it will suffice to explain that several medical studies have shown the link between a positive attitude and an improved immune system. Laughter and humor has been shown to increase the body's immunity and prevent against cancer and other diseases. You have heard the slogan "the people are not happy ill '. Part of maintaining a positive attitude, learning to express your feelings. The mind is free and open and energy flows freely throughout the body, if there is no pain and cumulative fears Weigh down.

Exercise is another tool that can be found very useful in your fight against breast cancer. aerobic exercises at least 3-4 times a week, continuing work deep breath and body awareness (as in yoga meditation ) Are all effective in preventing breast cancer. Exercise has proved very effective in maintaining a healthy body and mind. By exercising regularly, you will do itself a great favour, because you are not only preventing breast cancer, you also making it easier to provide a robust and healthy spirit body.

Eating healthy food is another great tool for the prevention of breast cancer. A large proportion of cancer are covered by the chemicals and preservatives in the food we eat. Most of genetically modified food (GMOs), materials, food has been expanded in the laboratory, are known to serious health hazards for consumers. The hormone substances in contraceptive pills and other prescription pills you can predispose cancerous growth. For example, the right to be supplemented could also be an effective instrument in the fight against breast cancer cancer.

Besides all these itself regular examination of the breast is the number one means of detecting any changes in the breast. It is advisable to examine the chest at the same time every month, this makes it easier to spot any changes in shape, color and texture of the breast. Common signs or changes to look out for are: lump, thickening agents or node somewhere in the chest, swelling or unusual heat, changes in Grae, colour or Texture as redness or darkening of the breast, itching or scaling especially on the nipple, sudden discharge, rashes, dents the skin or unusual pain. Although most of these changes could not be a sign of impending breast cancer, but you can never say. Forget Everything you have heard, it is still possible to prevent breast cancer.

 

Michael Russell Your Independent guide to Breast Cancer.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Michael_Russell

Edible Vaccines - Friends Or Foes?  

As Archimedes could prove inspiration Strike Anywhere. The legend says that the ancient Greek philosophers discovered the mathematical laws buoyancy in the bathroom, while stand watch soap float. And then running, wet and naked through the streets of Syracuse screaming, "Eureka!" ( "I've found it!"). The nature of scientific research may have changed since the third century BC, but the spirit of observational data that the investigation led to Archimedes' principle is still active.

Vaccinating people with edible plants is a new idea that seems to be a great promise. The current research focuses on the mixing of viral or bacterial DNA in a formula, which is then in soil bacteria. If a work by the bacteria, therapeutic DNA is sewn in the plant genetic make-up and the plant grows, the cells start to produce proteins, which the new genes are designed to make. When the plant or fruit eaten, immunization starts, that the body to produce the corresponding antibodies.

The development of vaccines has saved millions of lives around the world. Vaccines have near miracle in the fight against infectious diseases. You have destined for smallpox to history and should soon do the same for polio. In the late 1990s, an international campaign to immunize all children against six world this devastating disease was reported to reach 80 percent of young children (from about 5 percent in the mid-1970s) and was reducing the annual death toll from those infections in around three million. But these victories mask tragic gaps in delivery. The 20 percent of infants still missed by the six vaccines against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, measles, tetanus and tuberculosis account for about two million unnecessary deaths each year, especially in the most remote and impoverished parts of the world. Upheavals in many developing countries now threaten to torpedo the progress of the recent past, and millions still die of infectious diseases for which vaccines are non-existent, unreliable or too expensive.

vaccination is considered one of modern medicine to the graten success stories. Early experiments by Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur taught doctors they could prevent disease through free Create a patient to a weakened or inactivated viruses. During its protocols against the current rules clinical trials, Dr. Jenner was able to prevent children always smallpox - even if he intentionally exposed to it - after the first inoculating them with pus from a cowpox. Although significantly different from those developed by Jenner and Pasteur, modern vaccines, nor build on the same basic principle: If the immune system is trained to recognize a pathogen prior to infection, the disease can be prevented if the actual pathogen is encountered.

The Problem with current vaccination protocols is that what works in the developed world is often more difficult to deliver in the Third World, or simply too expensive purchase.

Unfortunately, this often leads to the people who most need a vaccine it.

Disease can not prevent a edible vaccine, it is great news for people around the globe. An oral vaccine in a facility that bypasses the need for sterile syringes, costly cooling, or more injections. In addition, since many of the developing world to deadly diseases - cholera, rotavirus and E. coli infections, to name a few - into the body through the gastrointestinal tract, a vaccine is actually recorded in May are the best Protection because it mimics the natural path of infection.

Edible vaccines hold great potential, especially in Third World countries where transport costs, poor refrigeration and needle use complicated vaccine administration. During the research will also work with laboratory animals, diabetics may eventually benefit from an edible form of insulin. Researchers have developed technologies, the introduction of a hybrid gene that produces human insulin in potatoes.

For diabetics, insulin potatoes can help train the body's defences to stop responding to insulin, as if it were a foreign body. Some scientists see promise graere in plants, are not affected by human diseases and could produce antibodies to cost up to 100 times less than conventional cell fermentation. Several companies are growing plants have been designed to human antibodies against diseases such as malaria. Edible vaccines for other intestinal pathogens are already in the pipeline - for example, potatoes and bananas protect against possibly the Norwalk virus, a common cause of diarrhea, potatoes and tomatoes protect against potentially the hepatitis vaccines activate B.

Edible both systemic and mucosal immunity, as they come in contact with the stomach and intestinal lining content, this is not possible with sub-unit vaccines, the poor response mucous membranes. This dual effect of edible vaccines offers first-line defense against pathogens invasion by mucous: how Mycobacterium tuberculosis and agents causing diarrhoea, pneumonia, STDs, HIV, etc.

Other benefits of edible vaccines include:

A. The transfer of edible vaccines to immunize mothers to the foetus in the womb of trans-placental transfer of maternal antibodies or the child through breast milk. Edible vaccines have a potential role in the protection of children against diseases such as Streptococcus Group B, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), etc., which investigation.

B. Edible vaccines would also be suitable against neglected /rare diseases such as dengue fever, hookworm, rabies, etc. You can work with other vaccine approaches and several antigens can also delivered.

Various foods under study are bananas, potatoes, tomatoes, lettuce, rice etc. . Edible vaccines are being developed for a number of human and animal diseases, including measles, cholera, foot and mouth disease and hepatitis B, C and E.

C. Their production is very efficient and can be easily scaled. For example, hepatitis B antigen to vaccinate all of China a year, could be on a 40 hectare plot of land and all the babies in the world each year to only 200 hectares of land!

D. They are cheaper to ignore requirements for cleaning standard methods and do not require huge capital investment from the production of medicines facilities.

E. They show good genetic stability.

F.They are heat-stable and do not require cold chain maintenance.

G. Since they can be stored near the body, long-distance transport can also avoided.

H. Since syringes and needles not be used, the chances of infection are also less.

I. The fear of contamination with animal viruses - such as mad cow disease, which is a threat in vaccines made from cultured mammalian cells - is removed, because plant viruses do not infect humans.

If a vaccine can be placed in a plant, the plant can be eaten with a view to Vaccination, and a person would not have to go to a doctor who administered a shot. This could benefit the Third World countries who do not have the infrastructure and resources to access to doctors. The first test of edible vaccines was the expression of a surface protein of hepatitis B in the potatoes were then fed to mice. The mice developed antibodies against hepatitis-surface protein, and developed a mucosal immunity against infection by the virus. It is important to note that the antibodies are affected by the mucous membranes (lining of the nose, mouth, digestive track), the location, the virus is likely that the invasion body.

Considerations in the development of a plant selection

-based vaccine

Antigen the antigen is safe and non-pathogenic in all circumstances?

- Can the antigen induces a protective immune response?

- Is the antigen suitable for freedom of expression in plants?

Efficacy in the model systems

-Is the antigen accumulate in plants in sufficient quantities?

- Is the plant-derived antigen immunogenic?

- Trial Do animals develop protective immune response?

Choice of plant species for the vaccine delivery

Is it can be eaten raw and unprocessed?

- Is it suitable for small children?

- Could it be comprehensive and easy to grow?

- Can it be easily stored? Is it resistant to spoil?

- Is the intervention of the transformation and regeneration?

Delivery and dosage issues

-Are the mucous membranes auxiliary materials required for a protective response?

- Can a dose large enough to be delivered by simply eating the plant?

- How many doses are needed?

Safety issues

-If the vaccination produce oral tolerance?

- What are the health and environmental risks of genetically modified organisms

Public perceptions and attitudes to genetic modification

becoming negative attitude towards genetically modified organisms influence vaccine acceptance?

Quality control and licensing

Can antigen expression on a consistent crop production?

- Who will control the vaccine availability and

The future of edible vaccines:

The future of edible vaccines could avert resistance to genetically modified foods, which refused to Zambia if GM maize on food aid from the United States despite the threat of famine. Prior to the approval of such vaccines for human use, the WHO, the concerns of quality, efficiency and environmental compatibility are required. Random insertion of genes can destabilize the genomes of its plant and animal hosts and the effects could ricochet through the surrounding ecosystem. By facilitating horizontal gene transfer /recombination, genetic engineering can contribute to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious, drug-diseases, increase of autoimmune diseases, cancer and reactivate dormant viruses. Bacteria can be transgenic DNA in food in the human intestine. Antibiotic resistance marker genes may vary from transgenic food to pathogenic bacteria, the infection is very difficult to treat. Smaller genetic changes in the pathogen can lead to dramatic changes in the host range and disease-causing potential and unwittingly plants can be inadvertent reservoirs. There is also a risk of creating a whole new strains of pathogens such as viruses super. Through DNA shuffling, geneticists can in a few minutes in the laboratory millions of recombinant viruses that have never existed in billions of years of evolution. This can be abused for the intentional creation of bio-weapons.

The ecological and environmental risks of edible vaccines must be considered. It is still a very raw and Science has a long way to go before they will be ready for large-scale tests in human beings for the fight against infectious diseases and auto-immunity. Addressing concerns about the use of genetically modified food, it can not be overstressed, stricter controls on the growth and processing of plant vaccines to ensure that they never enter the food supply. These include greenhouse separation of drugs from food crops to prevent crossing, and separate storage and processing facilities.

Dr. Lone Rubina

Consultant Clinical Microbiology and Research

skims Medical College in Srinagar

India

feedback to: dr.rubina.lone @ gmail.com

 

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Dr._Rubina_Lone

2008-09-13

Soya Bean-Infant Formulas and the Dangers of Everyday Consumption  

Soy products - Beware


My mother was (and is) a fabulous cook and only the best of meat and fresh fruit and vegetables as I was growing up. When I was 13, I went in the school camp and was every night for dinner greasy sausages and chops. From this camp to continue his journey until I was 27 I never ate a piece of meat. My reasons were part humanitarian and part of health, but what I did not see how a young age, as the effects of not eating meat was my effect on health. It is only now in retrospect that I can see clearly. Although I was a vegetarian, I had weight problems. I had to get glasses at the age of 19 and had menstrual 19 to 21 Every year I would get colds during the winter season and my general health was not as good as it could have. At the age of 27 I had an incredible urge to eat meat and so changed from a vegetarian to a ravenous omnivorous and have never looked back. My mother was very much that I needed to spare my vegetarian food with a protein content and in the time there were very few alternatives on the market. I think a canned meat substitutes (something I tried only once) was the only thing I could find, together with the many legumes such as lentils, soya beans and chickpeas, which my mother tried valiantly, in the family eat. So to graten part, as a vegetarian was on a matter, the same as everyone else in the family less the meat component. These days it's easy for a vegetarian, people are better and the soy industry has much food to provide for vegetarians to their daily protein compliment. For vegetarians, there are soy flour, tempeh, tofu, soy milk, miso, soy cheese, soy burgers and the like. Now at first this seems like a good thing, but in the last 2-3 years there has been a ground swell of negative publicity again soy for me and although I am still undecided about this situation, I believe with the spread in research and Discoveries, it is worth looking at. I must express that it seems, soy, like any other food I talk about, has become a victim of the fact that science and technology is trying to improve the living and make the best out of a food financially and then we seem to have problems. Although I believe that, by nature, soy is a good food, if eaten in moderation and cooked properly and without genetic engineering is what we have done to the modest soya, the problems we are now seeing.

The history of soy .


soy has been used traditionally by the Asia Community tables, but not in large amounts. It has often been from the less prosperous in times of scarcity of food and then only after careful eaten processes (long fermentation) to destroy the soy toxins. Probably the best overview of the consumption of soy among Asian people identified that the soy products were consumed tofu (plain paper, fried, deep-fried, or dried), miso, fermented soy beans, soy milk, soy beans and cooked. The estimated amount of soy protein consumed from these sources was 8.00 g /day for men and 6.88 g /day for women (Nagata C et al, J Nutr 1998, 128:209-13). The Asian people in general only small servings of soy to complement their meal. It should also be noted that soy is not the main source of protein diet among Asians. On the other hand, many vegetarians in Australia would not think of consuming 8 ounces (about 220 grams) of tofu and a few glasses of soy milk per day, two or three times a week. But that is far beyond the Asians, which typically consume. Soy was once a small plant that is not considered a food, but an industrial product. It has now become a major food crop that in the last 20 years is the proliferation of soybeans and soybean products and is dominated today in a whopping 60% - 80% of food on shelves grocery store in the form of soy Flour, textured vegetable protein, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, soy protein isolate and vegetable oil. These can be found in such common foods such as cake mixes, chips, crackers, cookies, margarine, infant formula, meat substitutes, bread and much more. I am now plays an important role in our diet.The chief concern is that the risk of mega-dosing in soy isoflavones like genistein and diadzen (see notes at the bottom of phytoestrogens) and again on an overdose food, could possibly lead That more food sensitivities as we have seen with wheat and dairy products. (Fukutake M, et al; Food Chem Toxicol 1996, 34:457-61). I am not saying that people fear, but are aware that these foods are not included in the diet 20 years ago is now slowly creeping into many processed foods. With this knowledge, it is possible, educated decisions about the foods consumed are then more likely he bullied in a food, which they used as a substitute for other foods once used.

The Dark Side Of The Soy Bean.


soy contains potent enzyme inhibitors block the action of trypsin and other enzymes for protein digestion. You may cause serious gastric distress, reduced protein digestion and chronic deficiencies in amino acid intake. In the test animals diet high in trypsin inhibitors cause enlargement and pathological conditions, including cancer of the pancreas. Soybeans also contain haemagglutinin, a clot promoting substance that causes red blood cells to clump together. Together hamagglutinin trypsin and cause growth retardation. Soya beans are also high in phytic acid, in the bran or hulls of all grains. It is a substance that is blocking the absorption of important minerals such as calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc and especially. The phytates in soya beans are very resistant to normal phytate reduction techniques such as long, slow cooking. Zinc malabsorption is a major concern, as this is necessary for brain and nervous function.

Phytoestrogens - and thyroid hormone disrupters.

� The
a component within the soy bean, which is of particular importance is the endocrine-disrupting isoflavones, genistein and diadzen, also known as phytoestrogens. In 1991 a team of Japanese scientists found that 30gms of soya beans (two tablespoons) per day for a month led to a significant increase in thyroid stimulating hormone. Struma and hypothyroidism appeared in some of the themes and many complained of constipation, fatigue and lethargy. Some studies have so far as to say that soy may increase the opportunities of the estrogen-dependent breast cancer.

Soy Based Infant formulas.


The most serious problem with soy may be used in infant formulas. "The level of phytoestrogens, which are in a day in the value of soy infant formula corresponds to 5 birth control pills," says Mary G EniG, Ph.D., president of the Association of Nutritionists Maryland. She and other nutrition experts believe that infant exposure to large amounts of phytoestrogensis is associated with early puberty in girls and delayed physical maturation in boys. A study in the British Medical Journal The Lancet noted that the "daily exposure of infants to isoflavones in soy formulas child is 6-11 times higher on a weight basis than the dose hormonal effects in adults consume soy foods." (A dose, equivalent to two glasses of soy milk per day, that was enough to alter menstrual cycle patterns in women). In the blood of infants tested, the concentration of isoflavones were 13000 - 22,000 times higher than the natural estrogen levels early in life. Soy genetic change was also the first genetically modified crop, which is a large part of soy products in the Australian food have to consider this factor, as well.There is not only a health issue to consider with genetically modified food, but a moral and ethical dilemma. Green Peace is a brochure that lists of producers in Australia, do not use genetically modified soy products or other genetically modified foods. It is worth getting.

Beware soy protein isolate.


While soybeans produced try their best to get rid of the antinutrients I have already mentioned, they also destroy many of the good nutrients. Miso, tofu, tempeh and other fermented soy products are by far the most superior of soy foods. On the other hand, soy protein isolate (SPI) is not something that you can in your own kitchen, but there is an important factor in many SOY FOODS imitate that meat and dairy products, including baby formulas and some brands of soy milk.Production SPI is prepared in an industrial factory, where a slurry of soy beans is first mixed with an alkaline solution to remove fibre, then felled and separated by an acid wash, and finally neutralized in an alkaline solution. Acid Wash in aluminium high aluminum tanks leaches into the final product. The resulting quark are spray-dried at high temperatures to produce a high-protein powder. Finally, high temperatures, high pressure extrusion processing of SPI produces textured vegetable protein TVP. Nitrites, the potent carcinogens, during spray drying and a toxin called Lysinoalanine during the alkali processing. Numerous artificial flavors especially MSG, are added to SPI and TVP products to mask their natural taste. In some experiments the use of SPI increased requirements for vitamins E, C, D and B12 and created deficiencies in calcium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, copper, iron and zinc.

Is it safe or only Edible?


naive We believe that the food on our shelves are safe. I urge all soy products to eat or drink soy milk, to find out what they can about it. That means only about anyone who buys food in a supermarket. The soy industry is very powerful and there are a lot of misinformation out there. Pay constant attention, all funded research relates, as well as the allegiances every author writing about soy. Needless to say, I have no affiliations. A task to do after reading this article is to go into your pantry and read the ingredients on food packages and see how much soy or soy products within them. There may be frightened if you are not yet aware of it. Although I believe a small amount of soy may occasionally good for our health, I believe we must be very careful how much we eat, especially in the light of current research and knowledge.

 

Cyndi O'Meara is a nutritionist, speaker and best selling author. Her books Changing Habits Changing Lives and companion cook book, audio series and weight loss programmes have changed lives. She does not agree with low fat, low joule diets, she thinks that coffee, butter and sugar should be part of a healthy diet. For more information on her books go to http://www.changinghabits.com.au for Cyndi's free 21 day weight loss e course program go to http://www.changinghabitsinnercircle.com and read more at http://www.cyndiomeara.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Cyndi_Omeara

2008-09-10

5 Reasons Why You Should Use Organic Products  

Have you tried organic products? This is a fast-growing trend in the world today, but many people are still sceptical about the benefits of organic food and other products. Now is the proof that it is coming really a good idea to integrate into your organic style home.

1 - studies indicate organic foods are more nutritious for you .

Yes, it's true . New research results in a 10-year study show that organic tomatoes have more antioxidants than conventionally grown tomatoes, peaches on other study suggest that organic varieties have a higher polyphenol content and organically grown kiwifruit had significantly higher vitamin C and Polyphenols,

2 - The FDA Allows almost every ingredient in cosmetics and perfumes

Straight from the FDA handbook: "With the exception of color and additives banned, a few ingredients, a cosmetic manufacturer may, in its own Responsibility, use essentially any raw material as a cosmetic ingredient and market the product without the consent (italics added). Until there is a problem, the FDA's OK with just about anything goes, that in your expensive bottle of facial cleanser .

3 - Foods containing genetically modified have not proven to be safe

You can not see, but many of the fruits and vegetables that you buy at your local supermarket are GMO's -- Genetically modified organisms. That's where the farmers use genetic engineering to change a food-appearance or texture to make it look better or add a new trait. The goal was initially that the more nutritious foods, but Ironically, these GM foods have not been tested long term to see how they affect people health.

4 - Most synthetic detergents containing toxic chemicals .

The reason is because most syntheric cleaning solutions are oil - based and the byproducts are toxic. ever to open a window if you 're-use cleaning your bathroom, because the smoke from the cleaning products were so bad? Bio-detergent smells pleasant and actually do a better job of cleaning without toxic fumes.

5 - you save money long-term .

Initially, it might be more expensive to "go organic" but if it is a small step at a time, find ways to save money. You want to start farmers markets and getting to know your local farmers. They will tell you how they grow and their cultures, you can authentic organic products. Normally Farmer's Market produce is much cheaper than the supermarket. Do you have a lot of people to feed, you will find a local organic food co-op. You can create your own cleaning solutions, and Skin care of things in your pantry or search online for good sources of organic products.

If you decide that organic is right for you, you learn what organic is all

to be a wise and consumer.

 

You can learn more about the benefits of organic food and other products at http://www.organic-home-online.com

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Eunice_Coughlin

2008-09-08

Review: GoodSync Software - Ideal for USB and other Device Synchronization  

Synchronization software sounds like a utility, this may seem valuable and worth-while, but many software packages are not in execution because the user interface is not logical or you get error conflict with the device. So, to compile features, the intuitive enough to use without difficulty, nor the task of synchronizing files and folders would be a dream, and Good Sync is the case. The tool is easy to understand, loads of information at your finger tips and a logical flow into the use of the software.

Our tests, which focused on USB mass storage devices such as hard drives and flash-based MP3 players and how they sync with a host computer. Good Sync installation is a breeze, a quick download (2MBs), just install and you ready to synchronize. Good Sync has standardmaig help of the guild balloons through the Sync set-up for a "job" with a pointing device in the direction of the source location, then directed to the destination for the synchronization process.

What we like most about the Good Sync Software is the information provided before, during and after a sync process. This is a clear understanding of what is to happen, and if there are problems, Good Sync records all data changes in its database for embedded post-sync (access just in case). A hot button "Analyze" may be used before a sync takes place, the differences between a source and others. Good Sync offers a simple, graphical tool to the utility command on what to do with missing files, replacing files and priority "source" files. In addition, you can propagate deletions or changes propagate either synchronously in direction or bidirectional. Another feature of clear Good Sync is the summary of the layout provides a high-level view of the new files, files are unchanged and all files in which either analysed or synchronized. The high-level view can be drilled for more detailed information. While several sync tests, the CPU was just under 20% use, so it was easy to sync process, while listening to music, check e-mails and surf the Internet. Of course, what would be a utility, without a log Good Sync and offers a detailed protocol (optional setting), what transpired during synchronization process.

The utility lets you synchronize over a network and uses a proprietary algorithm so that it is not on the file system Accuracy or network stability during the process synchronized so that the insurance should not be lost between data sources. Good Sync has several powerful features, which we ourselves had a hard time understanding the application, but it's there. Good Sync can be used to analyse all the information changed 'x' minutes and can synchronize or immediately marked sync when files or folders change. In addition, you can the Windows scheduling tool to start synchronize or back-up jobs (one way sync). Since the personal version of the software is free we have a spam scan on the software and no spyware, adware or malware. A PRO version is available for corporate, business and government leaders. It seems that PRO version is identical with the additional role to play multiple jobs simultaneously. The cost is under $ 20.

Finally the options and preferences set-up window offers an excellent overview of the features do and when and how they are used. If every software package was detailed, thorough and well written as good sync, life would be much easier for most. In conclusion, GetUSB.info believes this is an excellent product and should be used apart from everyone, and requires multiple devices Sync software to up-to-date. We have tried to find honest, but could not - and so they give a big thumbs-up.

Review by: GM


12nd April 2006


GetUSB.info is a
USB News and Information

permalink w /photos: http://getusb.info/?p=142

 

Gmo runs the GetUSB.info website which is a USB News and information website focused on USB products, USB gadgets and developments using the USB (Universal Serial Bus) technology.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=G_Mo

2008-09-06

Soya - Is It Part Of A Healthy Diet?  

When people speak in these days soy they usually focus on how it is produced - whether GM (genetically modified) or not. The grate problem with him but that is another common food, such as wheat and maize, which finds its way into a very large number of foodstuffs. It is cheap, and it is very high in protein, so that food manufacturers find it very useful as enricher and a life extender.

Soy sauce. Soy flakes, soy flour, soy, bran, soybean oil and soybean milk are easy to see how soy products. Tofu, miso and tempeh are also important from soybeans. However, soy is often unnoticed part of an in-store items bought baked goods such as bread, buns, cakes, biscuits, doughnuts, biscuits /cookies and other products, including:



  • canned meat

  • cheese

  • Cold cereal

  • Gravy mixes and stock cubes

  • desserts and ice from many types

  • formula milk
    Li
    Lecithin (unless, of egg)

  • noodles, macaroni, spaghetti, pasta

  • sausages

  • dressings

  • Soy bean sprouts

  • soups

  • candy /candy

  • Vegetable cooking oils and fats (mixed blends) and margarines

Soya can be disguised on food labels in many different forms: as hydrolysed vegetable protein, soy protein isolate, protein concentrate, textured vegetable protein (TVP), vegetable oil, plant sterols, or as an emulsifier is also lecithin.

Soya used extensively in agricultural feeds for the intensive chicken, beef, dairy, pork and fish farming. Therefore, we are very likely to eat it indirectly, if we eat eggs, milk, meat or fish.

So, unless we are actively to avoid or eat an all-natural nutrition, we will most likely eat soy days.

Well Is it a problem? Is not soy supposedly healthy, and in fact even encouraged for certain medical conditions?

It was known since the early 1980s that phyto-estrogens (plant estrogens), as the isoflavones in soy could biological effects in humans. Many health claims for soya were in the isoflavones it contained, such as the easing of menopause symptoms, improve bone density and protection against certain hormone-related cancers. The justification for the claims was that these rates of cancer, osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms problems were lower in the east Asian populations, it was alleged that historically had eaten food rich in soya.

However in 2002, the British government expert committee for the Toxicity of food (COT) published the results of its inquiry into the safety of plant estrogens, which consist mainly of soy protein, in the modern food industry. She came to the conclusion that there was no clear evidence for many of the details for him as a health food.

The Committee pointed out that the Asian diet was not in fact high in phyto-estrogens. Asians historically not consume that much soy, and did eat something they had usually been fermented for months. You did not consume unfermented forms such as soy milk, soy burgers or foods with soy flour. This fact is of crucial importance, since the way soy is processed affects the levels of phyto-oestrogens. Traditional fermentation methods reduce the levels of isoflavones oestrogenic by a factor of two or three. Modern factory processes. In addition, modern strains of soy used in the West have significantly higher than the Asian isoflavones, because they were bred to be resistant to pests (the higher levels of isoflavones make them infertile) .

toxicologist Dr. Mike Fitzpatrick, was instrumental in getting governments at the beginning of the investigation of the health problems associated with soy, calculated that babies fed on soy formula can oestrogenic equivalent, based on body weight, of five birth control pills a day.

Indeed, a Royal Society report on endocrine disrupting chemicals in 2000 had already concluded that soy milk should not be recommended for babies and young children, even if they had cow's milk allergies, except on medical advice because of the high oestrogenic isoflavones it contained. The report had also observed that the mass of exposure to soy isoflavones had over the last thirty years. Soya was not part of the general food supply law in the West until the 1970s, as incorporation of soy protein in processed foods was widespread.

The current opinion of the British Food Standards Agency is that soybeans have the potential to have a negative effect on infants' development is hormonal still controversial, but the soy formula should only be applied to infants under 12 months old in exceptional circumstances. soya milk for infants has always been to a small minority in the United Kingdom. But the situation is different in the U.S., where thirty to forty percent of all children are raised on soy formula - not least because it is when you look at the welfare programs.

There are also concerns that a high intake of phyto-estrogens from soy can disrupt the function of the thyroid. This is a great potential for the health of the population, because the incidence of hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) increases in the western population and noted that affect many more people than previously thought. experts believe that hypothyroidism is now seriously underdiagnosed. untreated can lead to obesity, heart disease and many other chronic health problems.

Further questions about soy relate to the essential fatty acids Omega-3 and omega-6. The importance for our health, the right balance of these fats has been recognized. Unfortunately, most of us take too many omega-6s and too little omega-3s. soya oil is high in the omega-6s. Because it is largely used in the manufacture of snacks such as chips or fries, Sawaren, deep-fried Take Away, ready meals, ice cream, mayonnaise and margarine, it is conceived as one of the reasons our balance of omega-3s to Omega-6s from kilter.

To is so close, it seems there are serious questions about whether soy in the form , Usually we eat it in the West is safe, let alone a "health food". Before we let it become an important part of our diet, perhaps we should not forget the following:



  • population in the West, at least so far only suspended soya for thirty years, and there is evidence that food allergies are often the result of the mass of exposure to new foods, which our genetic systems have not enough time had to evolve to handle.

  • These populations, with soy products for many years use them in limited quantities and usually in the fermented soy forms.

  • has oestrogenic effects on the body. Is this taking hormonal or endocrine disrupters, with no way to know how much we are a good idea? How would we react if the issue turned around a bit, and we were asked whether we would be happy if the government said they would to hormones for our food? The amount of soy in a soy product could small - but what about the cumulative effect of the meal they eat the food in many processed foods, fill our carts supermarket?

More information on the concepts used in this article can be found in the e-book "Why can not I lose weight - The real reasons Diets Fail and What to Do About It '.

Copyright Good Diet Good Health. Com 2007

 

Jackie Bushell is passionate about raising awareness of the role of diet and nutrition in good health and helping those who are affected by obesity. Via her website at GoodDietGoodHealth.com, she provides information, support, cookbooks, how-to guides and a newsletter for those wishing to understand more about how to improve their health and achieve a healthy weight in a natural way. Amongst the resources she has developed are a low carb/low GI diet cookbook and a book called 'Why Can't I Lose Weight' for those who experience common problems such as not losing weight on their diet or becoming stuck on a 'diet plateau'.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jackie_Bushell